The Measuring Democracy Project
(1) Do democracy indices tell different stories? Comparing eight democracy indices 4th version December 2022. Also Economics Working Paper 2021-10
(1b) Net Appendix, revised April 2023
(2) Explaining the path of the democratic transition
Kyklos 2025 online first with two corrections of typos
(3) The transition of education. A cross-country macro approach
European Journal of Political Economy, 84, 102362, 2024
online February 2023
(3b) Net Appendix, revised January 2023
(4) Income, Growth, and Democracy. Looking for the causal structure
European Journal of Political Economy 83, 10232, 2024
(4b) Net Appendix, June 2023
(5) Do relatively democratic countries grow faster?
Revised December 2024
(5b) Net Appendix, July 2023
(6) The OPEC/MENA/Arab nexus and the missing democratic transition
New expanded version. May 2025, with two notes:
(6b) Net Appendix, December 2024
(6c) Changes in the political system at independence
(7) Can democracy and religiosity explain corruption?
An empirical study of the long run using cross-country data
New expanded version. July 2024
(8) The economic system of oil countries. Political capitalism?
Second version. May 2025, with three notes
(8b) The distribution of the Fraser Index of Economic Freedom
(8c) Are Iran and Venezuela different in the EF index?
(8d) The economic system of Arab countries with and without oil